Modern Philosophy: Abdurrahman Wahid and Walisanga

Abdurrahman Wahid

Abdurrahman Wahid or better known as Gus Dur was born in Denanyar Jombang in East Java, on August 4, 1940. His grandfather himself was Hadratus Shaykh Hasyim Asy'ari, one of the founders of Nahdlatul Ulama -NU- and the pioneer of the Pesantren Tebuireng Jombang, while his father was KH Wahid Hasyim besides Ulama is also a national figure who had served as Minister of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia in 1950. Thoughts of Abdurrahman Wahid.

a. Pluralism and Tolerance

One aspect that is very easy to understand from Gus Dur's figure is his thoughts on pluralism and tolerance, advocates of minority groups, especially China-Confucianism-Indonesia, even he also did not hesitate to defend minority religious groups, beliefs, and other groups that are considered discriminated and violated rights his humanity. B. The politics of democracy and human rights

Abdurrahman always made various discourses in the public to explain various activities or attitudes related to the growth of democratic power and influence the public to change and maintain a form of democratic society. Dualism of Islam and the State Abdurrahman put forward the concept of the dualism of legitimacy between religion and the state, namely the state gives legitimacy to existing religions, including Islam, and the religion of Islam which is embraced by the majority of the nation gives legitimacy to the state. Gus Dur firmly emphasized that the Pancasila state had no interest in a religious state, in this case an Islamic state. 

Walisanga

The narrative tells us that Sunan Ampel's very famous teaching is the philosophy of "Moh Lima" which means not to do five despicable things. These five things are moh play (don't want to gamble), moh dandruff (don't want to get drunk), moh thief (don't want to steal), moh madat (don't want to smoke opium), and moh madon (don't want to commit adultery). This philosophy seems to answer the problem of the moral decline of the citizens of Majapahit at that time.

Quoted from various sources, a developing story states that Sunan Ampel was asked by Majapahit King to improve the morale of the increasingly degenerate Majapahit community. Hinduism was the main teaching of the Majapahit people at that time. One of the existing Hindu sects is Tantric Hinduism which teaches hedonic philosophical teachings, teachings where there is a prohibition on limiting lust. The philosophy of Moh Lima is still well known today in areas that still hold Javanese teachings for generations. The philosophy of "Moh Lima" is key as a prohibition on immoral acts.