Sustainable development has become a cornerstone of global discourse since the introduction of the 2030 Agenda by the United Nations (UN) in 2015. This agenda was designed to address complex global challenges, ranging from poverty and social inequality to climate change and environmental degradation. With its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 specific targets, the 2030 Agenda offers a comprehensive framework for achieving inclusive, equitable, and environmentally sound development.
As one of the largest developing nations, Indonesia plays a pivotal role in advancing the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. As an active participant in international forums such as the G20, ASEAN, and UN organizations, Indonesia not only benefits from international development cooperation but also contributes significantly to the collective effort to achieve global development objectives. Nevertheless, this journey is fraught with challenges, particularly in navigating domestic socio-political and environmental complexities.
This writing seeks to explore Indonesia’s role in implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. By examining national policies, contributions through international cooperation, and the obstacles encountered, this analysis provides an in-depth understanding of how Indonesia navigates the dynamics of international development.
National Policies Aligned with SDGs
In a demonstration of its commitment to the 2030 Agenda, Indonesia has embedded the SDGs into its National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2020-2024. This policy framework reflects a systematic effort to achieve sustainable development, focusing on priority issues such as poverty alleviation, reducing inequality, and adapting to climate change.
Poverty Alleviation and Social Welfare
A primary focus of the SDGs is the eradication of poverty (SDG 1) and the enhancement of social welfare (SDG 3 and SDG 4). In Indonesia, numerous programs have been launched to achieve these objectives, including the Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan or PKH) and the Pre-Employment Card (Kartu Prakerja). The PKH aims to provide conditional cash transfers to impoverished families, while the Pre-Employment Card is designed to improve workforce skills, particularly among young people.
Although these initiatives have achieved notable milestones, challenges persist, particularly in ensuring equitable distribution of aid and monitoring implementation at the local level. The disparity between central and regional administrations remains a critical issue that must be addressed to ensure the effective implementation of SDGs.
Infrastructure Development and Renewable Energy
To achieve SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy) and SDG 9 (industry, innovation, and infrastructure), Indonesia has invested heavily in infrastructure development. Priority projects include the construction of toll roads, ports, and electricity grids. Additionally, the government has started to emphasize renewable energy development, such as solar and geothermal power.
However, these efforts often face criticism regarding environmental sustainability and the long-term viability of such projects. For instance, poorly planned infrastructure development can lead to deforestation and ecosystem damage. Therefore, a more holistic approach to project execution is essential to align with sustainable development principles.