INTRODUCTION
North Korea After the World War II
At the fisrt time, Korean Peninsula is the territory of the Japan’s colonialism. After the end of the World War II era that marked by the defeating of Japan via the two bomb landed in Hiroshima and Nagasaki by United States. Finally, Soviet troops occupying the northern part of Korea, while American troops in the south. After making an agreement, Korea was divided parallel to the latitude of 38˚. On the South stand of the Republic of Korea, while in the North founded the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
Liberalism VS Communism
Before the Cold War era, both of the United States and the Soviet Union tried to expand their influence, especially in the Asia region. So, both of North Korea and South Korea are like their “puppet” that used to spread their influence. Finally, the Korean War happened in the June 1950 marked by the North Korea attacked to the South.
North Korea and the NPT of Nuclear Weapon
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT, is an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament.
Opened for signature in 1968, the Treaty entered into force in 1970. On 11 May 1995, the Treaty was extended indefinitely. A total of 190 parties have joined the Treaty, with five states being recognized as nuclear weapon states: the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, and China (also the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council). More countries have ratified the NPT than any other arms limitation and disarmament agreement, a testament to the Treaty's significance.
North Korea ratified the treaty on December 12, 1985, but gave notice of withdrawal from the treaty on January 10, 2003 following U.S. allegations that it had started an illegal enriched uranium weapons program, and the U.S. subsequently stopping fuel oil shipments under the Agreed Frameworkwhich had resolved plutonium weapons issues in 1994. The withdrawal became effective April 10, 2003 making North Korea the first state ever to withdraw from the treaty.
US Diplomacy Toward North Korea
In each case, the North Korea agreed to end its nuclear program in return for substantial financial aid, food aid and political clout. The West delivered on the aid, but the North Korea's nuclear program continues.
Research Question:
Should the United States Wage War with North Korea if Economic Sanctions and Diplomacy Fails to end the North Korea’s Nuclear Programs?
United States as a superpower and the international police will always has to responsibility in any case of international scope. Moreover, this is a very strategic case because it related with the international security, even United States itself is an old enemy of North Korea. So, how far the United States possibility to intervence in North Korea’s nuclear program?
ANALYSIS
Domestic Factor (Alex Mintz)
1. The Role of Public Opinion
United States involvement in world conflict makes people of United States refuse their country to go to war with the North Korea. Because they really understood that the war in Iraq and Afghanistan led them on a bad economy for future. Not only that, they also will lose its citizens as well as if the war is the only way to stop the North Korean nuclear program.
International Factor (Alex Mintz)
1. Strategic Surprise
2012 December - A North Korean rocket launch puts a satellite into orbit, after the failure to do so in April. The UN including China regard this as a violation of a ban on North Korean ballistic missile tests, as the rocket technology is the same.
2013 February - North Korea carries out a third nuclear test, said to be twice as big as the 2009 test.
2013April - North Korea says it will restart all facilities at its main Yongbyon nuclear complex and withdraws its workers from the South-Korean-funded Kaesong joint industrial park. It also warns foreigners to leave both North and South Korea to avoid the threat of war.
2. Alliances
Defense Pacts : United States – NATO
Article 5 is at the basis of a fundamental principle of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. It provides that if a NATO Ally is the victim of an armed attack, each and every other member of the Alliance will consider this act of violence as an armed attack against all members and will take the actions it deems necessary to assist the Ally attacked.
3. Regime Type of Adversary
Although North Korea used democracy system, but the government is still tend to otoriter. So, North Korea also tend to make a war because of this country is unlike the other democracies countries that not tend to wage a war.
4. Technology
In the level of technology, the United States is far away enough from North Korea. Based on data from GFP (Global Fire Power), the United States get the number one posistion for military power in the world, while North Korea just stay in the 26th rank position in the world.
IR Theory (US-North Korea Case)
Defensive Realism
Defensive realism holds that the international system provides incentives for expansion only under certain conditions. Anarchy (the absence of a universal sovereign or worldwide government) creates situations where by the tools that one state uses to increase it security decreases the security of other states. This security dilemma causes states to worry about one another's future intentions and relative power. Pairs of states may pursue purely security seeking strategies, but inadvertently generate spirals of mutual hostility or conflict. States often, although not always, pursue expansionist policies because their leaders mistakenly believe that aggression is the only way to make their state secure. Defensive realism predicts great variation in internationally driven expansion and suggests that states ought to generally pursue moderate strategies as the best route to security. Under most circumstances, the stronger states in the international system should pursue military, diplomatic, and foreign economic policies that communicate restraint.
Should the United States Wage War with North Korea if Economic Sanctions and Diplomacy Fails to end the North Korea’s Nuclear Programs?