Rising Heat: How Climate Change is Transforming Boyolali's Climate

                 Climate change is a major global problem primarily promoted by human actions: burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and other industrial initiatives. This causes an increase in global temperatures and, as a downstream effect, negative impacts on the environment such as melting of the ice caps, rising sea levels, and increasing incidences of severe weather conditions. According to (Romanzini-Bezerra & Maycock, 2024) another evidence of human interference with the climate is stratosphere cooling. Different efforts have been made at the global level including the Paris Agreement, within which targets have been set regarding a maximum of 2 degrees centigrade rise in global temperatures, which require expeditionary measures to avert these extensive impacts.

                  (Romanzini-Bezerra & Maycock, 2024) said temperature change is one of the climate change components that is being fueled by greenhouse emissions. The difference between the temperature trends of the stratosphere and troposphere emphasizes the simulation of people, and the signals of the stratosphere are easier to identify because of the smaller fluctuations. ESS: Future emissions have been modeled to estimate impacts on temperature under different strategies: effective mitigation (SSP1-1.9) or inaction (SSP3-7.0). Hence, trends in the temperature of the stratosphere unlike surface temperatures can discern mitigation effects within five years. Over time, nuances between scenarios are more and more apparent, especially in the stratosphere. Climate policy and measures require constant evaluation of both layers to determine their capacity to achieve the objectives of the Paris Agreement, specifically the 1.5C emergency threshold.

                 As quoted by Ridha Hafidz who is a resident of Boyolali, temperatures in the city have risen sharply in the past few years. Of course, previously it became rather cold at around 11-14 degrees Celsius during that time, while nowadays it is still at least 16 Celsius even during cold months. This warming has had effects on daily operations as there are more mosquitoes and nights are reportedly hotter than before.

                 Boyolali is one of those cities whose city government does not adequately respond to the emerging climate change problems as many residents observed the absence of government interventions. Yet there are local bottom-up efforts towards the conservation of the environment in this country. A group of people who are enthusiastic about nature have volunteered to support the fight against climate change and for this reason, most of their efforts have been directed towards the mountainous area around Boyolali. However, the crucial and constructive contribution of the organizations involved in the mountainside, and the more extensive problems of the remainder of the city, including the urban and the lowland regions addressing the larger climate questions, are not adequately handled, calling for a larger, city approach.

                  Mr Ridha Hafidz adds that the preservation of nature is also a key to controlling climate change in Boyolali. He advises the residents not to dump wastes as well as plastics into the rivers, to exercise caution when felling trees, and to undertake selective timber harvesting. Recent changes have included fires, which took place in the mountainous area of Merbabu last year; after quite some time without seeing similar events. According to Ridha, the preservation and protection of nature are important not only to support the balance and enhancements of the environment but in support to the advantage and welfare of the residing community to stress out the need for a collaborative effort to ensure the sustainability of the world.

                 In summary, the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and other related activities are forcing global climate change that has manifested itself in high temperatures, vocational weather, and destruction of the environment. Again in Boyolali, Ridha Hafidz said that temperatures have steadily increased, and now the low temperatures range from 16C compared to 11-14C some years ago which has led to an increase in mosquitoes and heat at night. Despite a lack of local government activity, a nature-friendly community is dedicated to preserving the mountainous landscape. Sometimes, Ridha also emphasizes the need to manage natural resources, for instance through the reduction of pollution and not cutting trees haphazardly to create a balance between movements in Nature and the people's needs.