this essay is my original work on purpose to join MUN community, but because of some problem, I can't join it. So, i decided to upload my essay. I hope my essay will be useful for my readers. enjoy :)
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Abstract
Background: Human trafficking has become an international problem. Two-thirds number of 36 million victims of human trafficking are from Asia, a high number of human trafficking is in Southeast Asia. Question: The high rates of human trafficking certainly have reasons, so the question is what causes of human trafficking in Southeast Asia and what recommendations to reduce the high rate of human trafficking? Result: causes of human trafficking are economics condition, socio-cultural, policy and enforcement. The recommendations to reduce human trafficking are create effective policies and empowerment and make a facilitation of education.
Introduction
Human trafficking is an activity of human trading on purposes sexual abuse, forced labor, harvesting organs, criminal and the other form of exploitation. Human trafficking currently has become an international problem. It is estimated that nearly one-third of the global trafficking trade, or about 200-225,000 women and children, are trafficked annually from South-East Asia. However, most of this trafficking occurs within the South-East Asian region. About 60 per cent of the trafficking which occurs is to major regional cities in South-East Asia and about 40 per cent to the rest of the world. The global slavery index (GSI) in 2014 records that there are around 36 million victims of human trafficking in the world; two-thirds of them are from Asia. According to the GSI, Indonesia, India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Thailand are become top 10 countries with the highest number of trafficking victims in the world. In Southeast Asia, human trafficking mixed with two forms, such as sexual exploitation and forced labor. Occurrences of human trafficking in Southeast Asia certainly have reasons; there are universal factors such as Economics condition, socio-cultural, policy and enforcement.
Contents
- Causes
Poverty is a massive problem in Asia. In Mayor Countries, 80 to 90 percent of poor people live in rural areas. In 2005 according to Asia Development Bank report, Laos, Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia belonging the poor countries in Asia Region. Potential victims of human trafficking are come from high population growth countries with high rate poverty. The poor doesn’t have any money for education, so their orientation obtains a lot of money for a better economics condition. They are subsequently deceived by manipulative false promises of employment and education opportunities in addition to get a better life condition. In reality, the traffickers do not follow their promises.
The victims are forced to do other work like prostitution or hard labor and didn’t get any pay. There is a phenomenon that some children are sold to traders by their parents because they don’t have any money to raise their children. They think by doing that, their children will have a better life. Poverty makes most women agree to married a moneylender, subsequently they are sold to a prostitution mafia. The poverty and low education make the poor gullible, because their trapped in an economics condition.
Socio-culture has contribution in causes human trafficking in Southeast Asia, because people behavior based on their point of view. Many socio-cultures in Southeast Asia State have a point of view that able to cause human trafficking. For instance; the lower value of women and child than man, early age marriage, polygamy, divorcement, and opinion that city is better than village, success person based on their wealth, and differentiation of society into social levels.
Low value of women and child instead of man make some men think that they can harvest advantages of them. The early marriage and polygamy make a high rate of divorcement, the value of virginity decrease and increase poverty. Early age marriage without maturity of money and mental, push divorcement and irresponsible husband. When it happens, women bear their responsibility of their children. Immature marriage and polygamy makes people forced to earn much money for their family.