BLACK CAMPAIGN
By : Andina Ramadhon , Meidi A , Esca D. Nugroho , Windu P. Nurwijayanto.
ME 3B , Mechanical Engineering , State Polytechnic of Semarang
ABTRACT
Politics is the most interesting news or something around the world. All of crowd - gathered around the political world came to be considered "easy". Artists, musicians , entrepreneurs and even parking yard. But, it does not mean the political status of secure prosperous world, the political world has also complicated problem especially with regard to the political campaign. Political campaign is also a very complex problem, black campaign, negative campaigning, political money etc. In this article will be presented in one of the political issues that the main topic, the problem is the black campaign about the disease among the political elite who considered unhealthy and can be destructive to the feared Indonesian politics who is studying towards a democratic system.Indonesian democracy can not be separated from PEMILU ( General Election of executive and legislative government).
INTRODUCTION
Election in Indonesia's history has been done 11 times beginning in 1955 through 2014. At the beginning of the election until the 2002 election, the election is only a container for a democratic society chose the DPR-RI ,Province DPRD and City DPRD, after the Constitution Fourth Amendment 1945 to 2002, the election of president and vice president (the presidential election), which was originally performed by the Assembly, it was agreed to be made directly by the people so that the election was put into the election regime. Presidential Election as part of the first elections were held in the 2004 elections.There is also a direct election by the people to choose the head of the provincial-level regions (governors) and regional head (mayor / regent).
In elections and local elections there are various acts of fraud. Complex discussion in this article is about BLACK CAMPAIGN.Any person with an interest in the election (call party members / sympathizers) smear campaign to attack political opponents to get the sympathy of voters. ElectionLawNo.10of 2008concerningthe electioncriteriamentionedsomemeasuresincluded in thesmear campaignis popularly calledtheblack campaign. Among themtherein thethirdandfourthpointsof Law No10of 2008concerningthe electioncampaignthatshould not bedone by way ofinsultingsomeone, race, ethnicity, religion, class candidates orother electoralparticipants. Incitingandpittingindividuals andsociety. Whether we realize itornot, politicalcampaignsby way ofa black campaignslowlyandsurelyhavedamagingpolitical orderin Indonesia. Eitherlike it ornot, willing or unwilling, and recognizedornot, most political partieshave longand oftenusingpoliticalmarketingstrategyin thecampaign, onepopularstrategyis to usetheblack campaign.
DEFINITION ofPOLITICALCAMPAIGN
The campaign was seen as a mass gathering activities, parades, political speeches, installation attributes (posters, banners) and advertising party. Each participant is required to follow formal rules during the campaign period. If not follow the rules that have been determined, it is considered as an offense and will be penalized. This type of campaign ended with a vote to determine who will get the most support for legalized as the winner of the election.campaigninIndonesiaorganizedbythe Commissioninthelegislation.
The campaignwas primarily aimed atinformingthe candidateorcandidatesthatwould like to sharewiththe voters. Fillcampaignsoftenconsistofseveralpoints, usuallycontainsaboutissues ofgovernmentpolicyat the time.Thenthese pointspadapenyampaianakandigabungkanwiththe mainidea ofthe campaignand thecandidateswillmentionthejargonandoften repeatedtocreatea lastingand memorableimpressionbythe voters. In manyelections, candidatesof political partieswillalwaystrytomaketheothercandidate orcandidatesto be "no message" related topolicyortryingtodiverttheconversationthat isnotrelated toa policyorprogrampointsfromtheother candidates.
DEFINITION of BLACKCAMPAIGN
At first we did not know what it is black campaign, but since the 2004 election where one candidate who denounced black campaign, then start insured the term black campaign. We were then familiar. Simply put we've been able to translate the meaning of a black campaign composed words. Yes yes, black campaign. Black here represents a term that is bad, the ugly, the point should be shunned. Furthermore, its use is defined in the campaign vilifying political opponents. However, the actual can also be interpreted as a bad campaign. In addition to containing campaign demonize political opponents, campaign enlivened by rocking porn also classified by the observers and the media as a bad campaign.
Black campaign is also one of the concrete form of political marketing and is one of the infractions in the political campaign. The dominance of black campaign issue this is its own deficits in progressive national politics. And as a fact, it is important for further analysis, to be examined background, mode, pattern and how the level of influence on voting behavior.
In the Election Law No. 10 of 2008 concerning the election mentioned various criteria measures included in the negative campaign effort or campaign which is popularly referred to as the black-black campaign. Of the 10 criteria outlined in this legislation some of which are relevant as a basis for discussion in this paper. The points in the third and fourth points of Law No 10 of 2008 concerning the election that "the campaign should not be done by way of insulting someone, race, ethnicity, religion, class candidates or other electoral participants. Inciting and pitting individuals or society. "
Black campaign could be devastating seduction, innuendo or rumors that are spread about the target to the candidate or candidates to the public in order to create an understanding that not be good enough, especially in terms of public policy. This communication endeavored that cause the phenomenon of resistance attitude of the voters, black campaign can generally be done by the candidate or candidates of other parties even (team successful candidate) who feel a lack of common sense strong material to attack one candidate or another candidate by accentuating the game emotions that voters are finally able to leave the candidate or candidates of his choice. Or in this day and age of the candidates apparently will not run out of ideas in promoting himself, in addition to in the real world, black campaign is also popular in the virtual world as the rise of cyberspace, online news and other social networking sites.
Inblackelectioncampaigndone in two ways, namelyopenlyandclandestinelysecond. The first, openly, publiclyandgenerallydonebypeoplewhoobviouslydo. Whiletheencloseddoneclandestinely, frommouth-to-mouth, and it is unclearwho theresponsible personevenpelakuknya. Nonetheless, it is often moreovertlyeasily brokenthanstealth.As inthe phenomenonthat oftenhappens, it could be a public figurewhoinitiallyloyalandcommitted totheir residentsinselectingone of the candidates, a suddenswitchtoanothercandidate, justas on the nighthe was visitedbya public figureandexplainotherfinancial scandalsorcomplicatedproblemsthat afflictthe candidatethey supportbefore, completewithchronology, witnesses, andreligiousarguments. Andbe aware,blackcampignlikethisis much moreterriblethan theblack campaignconductedopenly. Becauseblack campaign's surreptitiouslybeinvisibleand to the point.
However, we do not need to worry, because black black campaign or campaign apparently has a very close connection with the provisions stipulated in Law no. 11 in 2008. Actions campaign deliberately dropped the good name of a candidate listed in chapter VII of the act that is prohibited in Article 28 of the law No.. 11 of 2008, is as follows: "Any person who intentionally and without right to disseminate information that is intended to cause hatred or hostility of individuals and specific communities or groups based on ethnicity, race, religion and inter-group (SARA)."
HOW TOANTICIPATEDISEASEBLACKCAMPAIGN
As alreadydescribedabove, black campaigncan be donein two ways, namelyopenlyandsecretly. Andfromthewayeach ofuswouldbe able toanticipate, here wedescribeabout how toanticipateblack campaign, among others:
a)If youareacandidate, then inventarisirlahobliqueissuesthathappened to you, then make achronologicalagainstthese issues. Of coursewitha positiveperspective(sort of clarification). Ifthere arenegative issuesthatbegan to spreadinthe community, immediatelydoubletheclarificationandfloodthe targetwith theclarificationthathas beenprepared. Eitherthroughwritingormessengerdelivery.
b)
b) If youareacandidate, then youshould beable to controlthe massmedia. Do not letthe mediaraise issuessuchbombastic. Newspaperswould be veryhappy toloadthe news, becausethe paperwouldsell well. However, it shouldbe remindedto themthatcontainsnewsthat is not necessarilythe truthwillbe a boomerang forthemedia. dosubtlepersuasiontoconveyit. Iftheystillwillmeumuatnews, conveyan obligationto loadbalancethe twosides ofthe news(both sidecover), clarificationwitha story
c)If youareacandidate, then try tocontact thecommunity leadersareinfluential, andexplainactual eventsdirectly, withoutanyintermediaries.
d) If youareacandidate, then form ateam ofpeople whocanbe trustedto monitorandmengkalrifikasiblackcampignconductedpoliticalopponents.
Andmore aboutwhat you can doto overcomeblack campaignhas been establishedunder the provisionsof lawcontained inLaw no. 11of 2008 onInformationandElectronicTechnology.
CONDITIONBLACKCAMPAIGNBYLAW NUMBER. 11OF 2008
Black black campaign or campaign apparently has a very close connection with the provisions stipulated in Law no. 11 in 2008. Actions campaign either intentionally dropped names of other candidates with regard to chapter VII of the act that is prohibited by law No. 11 of 2008 section 28 as follows:
Any person who intentionally and without right to disseminate information that is intended to cause hatred or hostility of individuals and particular communities or groups based on ethnicity, race, religion and inter-group (SARA).
When we talk about black campaign then it will not be separated from the discussion about the case with Jokowi-Ahok in the period 2012-2015 election Jakarta yesterday, we can identify that the act which illustrates the negative image of this religion different sets of candidates, made as if it is not a criterion The ideal leader berpenduduknya Muslim majority areas. This addition will offend the intended candidate (Ahok), will also be subject to penalties for violating the provisions of the law on information and electronic technology in 2008.
The coping mechanisms when interpreted from the content of legislation in question, which will include several stages as follows:
a) The act proved to have violated the provisions in accordance with the details in chapter VII of Law. 11 of 2008 concerning "acts Violated".
b) Undergo stage of completion in accordance with the provisions of problems in Chapter VIII of Law. 11 of 2008 on the "Dispute Resolution".
c) Support the dispute resolution process is based on the role of either a government, and society, chapter IX Law. 11 of 2008 on "The Role of Government and Society".
d) Processed into a stage of investigation when there has been evidence that led to the suspect, chapter X Law. 11 of 2008 on the "investigation".
e) Running punishment according to the severity of legal actions in the courts at the time, and given a penalty in accordance with Chapter XI of Law. 11 of 2008 on
"Criminal Provisions".
Back correcting action on black campaign case studies conducted via the Internet for a deadly character Jakarta Governor candidate pair (Jokowi and Ahok) in the period 2012-2015 the city election. This means it can be categorized as an act violated legal ethics by utilizing the Internet as a media propaganda campaign election. Because the act is a form of black propaganda campaign SARA charged and specified in the Act number 11 of 2008.
a)CoverageTV Onephenomenonthat raisedadvertisementsoffensiveon social networking sites.