Alveolar sounds are produced through th front part of the tongue placed on alveolar ridge. Sounds made with tongue touching alveolar ridge such as /t/,/z/,/l/,/d/ and /n/. For the sound /s/, air from th lungs passes continously through the mouth, but the tongue is raised sufficiently close to the alveolar ridge.
Hard Palate
Like the alveolar ridge, the tongue touches and taps the palate when articulating speech such as /j/.
Velum
The production of velar sounds is done by placing the back of the tongue against the velum such as /k/,/g/ and //.
Uvula
The uvula is used to make guttural sounds. It helps to make nasal consonants by stopping air from moving through the nose.
Baca juga: Konsep Dasar Fonologi
Glottis
As the vocal folds vibrate, the resulting vibration produces as buzzing quality to the speech. Sound production involving only the glottis is called glottal.
Voiced consonants include /v/,/z/,//,//,/b/,/d/,/g/ and /w/.
